Abstract: Due to the connection between various smart devices and the Internet, the smart grid is vulnerable to cyber attacks.This article takes smart meters, smart microgrids, and smart inverters as examples to study and analyze the corresponding safety risks and control measures.Smart meters may be vulnerable to denial of service(DoS) attacks and malicious software attacks, threatening power transmission and data privacy; Smart microgrids may be vulnerable to false data injection attacks and distributed denial of service attacks, significantly affecting their power and voltage stability; Intelligent inverters may be vulnerable to deception attacks and ransomware attacks, endangering their normal usage function.To address these risks, strategies such as anomaly detection, binary data visualization, differential privacy technology, UIO observer, KL divergence, identity verification system, and blockchain technology have been proposed.These measures can detect network attacks, identify malicious software, protect data privacy, ensure authorized access, and enhance the security of the smart grid.